As dense urban environments evolve, the built fabric is becoming increasingly interconnected, linking underground transit networks, elevated walkways, and interior public spaces into seamless pedestrian systems. This study investigates the temporal dynamics of pedestrian density distribution across such integrated multilevel public spaces using Spatial Network Analysis. Combining an exploratory preliminary study and a detailed principal investigation, the research focuses on the Jurong Gateway district and Westgate development in Singapore. By correlating modeled spatial connectivity with empirical pedestrian counts obtained through sensors and video mapping, the study demonstrates how spatial configuration and temporal programming jointly influence movement patterns over time. The result is a novel, evidence-based framework for understanding and designing volumetric public realms as dynamic temporal-spatial systems.
